📋 Indications & Clinical Dosage
*Hormones Replacement Therapy for climacteric syndrome:*
Adults: 1 mg or 2 mg daily. For maintenance, use lowest effective dose.
*Prophylaxisof osteoporosis:*
Adult: 2 mg daily. In women with an intact uterus add a progestogen for 12 days of each cycle.
Children: Not applicable.
⛔ Contraindications
History of, or predisposition to, thrombophlebitis, thromboembolic disorders, cerebrovascular disease, history of pruritus, during pregnancy deteriorating otosclerosis, idiopathic jaundice or pemphigus gestations (herpes gestations), impaired hepatic excretory function such as Dubin-Johnson & Rotor syndromes, sickle cell anaemia, acute or chronic liver disease, jaundice, porphyria, disorders of lipid metabolism, oestrogen dependent carcinomas, endometriosis, undiagnosed genital bleeding, pregnancy, lactation.
⚠️ Precautions & Warnings
Hypertension, cardiac or renal disease, asthma, varicose veins, epilepsy, chloasma, uterine fibro-myomata, Examine BF pelvic organs & breasts before ®ularly during treatment.
⚠️ Adverse Reactions / Side Effects
Nausea, vomiting, weight gain, breast tenderness & enlargement, withdrawal bleeding, sodium retention with oedema, liver function disorders, jaundice, rashes, chloasma, headache, endometrial carcinoma in post menopausal women.
📚 Official Regulatory & Clinical References
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP): Drug Registration, S.R.O. Price Gazettes & National Essential Medicines List (NEML).
- World Health Organization (WHO): Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (ATC/DDD Index).
- Formulary Standards: British National Formulary (BNF) & Pakistan National Formulary (PNF) guidelines.