📋 Indications & Clinical Dosage
*Type 2 diabetes mellitus, monotherapy (if metformin inappropriate) or in combination with other antidiabetic drugs:*
BY SC INJ: Adult: Initially 0.25 mg once weekly for 4 weeks, then increased to 0.5 mg once weekly for at least 4 weeks, then increased if necessary to 1 mg once weekly, consult product literature. Reduced dose in case of concomitant insulin or sulfonylurea.
ORAL: Adult: Initially 3 mg once daily for 1 month, then increased to 7 mg once daily for at least 1 month, then increased if necessary to 14 mg once daily (single dose is recommended only); maximum 14 mg per day.
💊 Mode of Administration
Administer via Subcutaneous route on abdomen or thighs area with easy-to-use pre-filled pens. Store in a refrigerator (2-8C)-after first use can also be stored below 30-C; keep cap on pen to protect from light.
⛔ Contraindications
Ketoacidosis, severe heart failure, severe hepatic impairment, end-stage renal disease
⚠️ Precautions & Warnings
Diabetic retinopathy (in patients treated with insulin). history of pancreatitis, Hepatic impairment, Renal impairment, women of childbearing potential should use effective contraception during and for at least two months after stopping treatment.
⚠️ Adverse Reactions / Side Effects
GI disorders, decreased appetite, burping, constipation, diarrhoea, cholelithiasis, dizziness, fatigue, hypoglycaemia, nausea, vomiting, weight decreased. Rare: acute pancreatitis (discontinue).
🤰 Pregnancy & Lactation Safety
Pregnancy Risk:
Contraindicated in pregnancy
Lactation / Breastfeeding:
Contraindicated or not recommended
📚 Official Regulatory & Clinical References
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP): Drug Registration, S.R.O. Price Gazettes & National Essential Medicines List (NEML).
- World Health Organization (WHO): Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (ATC/DDD Index).
- Formulary Standards: British National Formulary (BNF) & Pakistan National Formulary (PNF) guidelines.