📋 Indications & Clinical Dosage
*Symptomatic relief of gastro-intestinal or genito-urinary disorders characterized by smooth muscle spasm, Irritable bowel syndrome:*
Adult: 10 mg 3 times a day; increased if necessary up to 20 mg 4 times a day.
Children: Not recommended
⛔ Contraindications
Myasthenia gravis (but may be used to decrease muscarinic side-effects of anticholinesterases), paralytic ileus, pyloric stenosis, toxic megacolon, and prostatic enlargement.
⚠️ Precautions & Warnings
Downs syndrome, in children and in the elderly, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, diarrhoea, ulcerative colitis, autonomic, neuropathy, acute myocardial infarction, hypertension, conditions characterized by tachycardia (including hyperthyroidism, cardiac insufficiency, cardiac surgery), pyrexia, and in individuals susceptible to angle-closure glaucoma.
🔄 Drug Interactions
Amantadine, atenolol, digoxin, phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants.
⚠️ Adverse Reactions / Side Effects
Transient bradycardia (followed by tachycardia, palpitation and arrhythmias), reduced bronchial secretions, urinary urgency and retention, dilatation of the pupils with loss of accommodation, photo-phobia, dry mouth, flushing and dryness of the skin, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and giddiness. Rare: Angle-closure glaucoma may occur.
🤰 Pregnancy & Lactation Safety
Pregnancy Risk:
Contraindicated
Lactation / Breastfeeding:
Caution advised
📚 Official Regulatory & Clinical References
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP): Drug Registration, S.R.O. Price Gazettes & National Essential Medicines List (NEML).
- World Health Organization (WHO): Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (ATC/DDD Index).
- Formulary Standards: British National Formulary (BNF) & Pakistan National Formulary (PNF) guidelines.