📋 Indications & Clinical Dosage
*Type 2 diabetes mellitus if monotherapy fails to achieve adequate glycaemic control:*
Adult: 5/100 mg once daily; increased to 15/100 mg once daily if required, dose to be taken in the morning.
⛔ Contraindications
Severe renal impairment, end-stage renal disease, or dialysis, Pancreatitis, Ketoacidosis
⚠️ Precautions & Warnings
Heart failure, renal impairment, hypotension, urosepsis and pyelonephritis, genital mycotic infection, increase LDL-C, severe arthralgia, pemphigoid, peripheral vascular disease, neuropathy, diabetic foot ulcer, high cholesterol level, gallstones.
⚠️ Adverse Reactions / Side Effects
Hypoglycaemia, hypovolaemia, increased risk of infection, polydipsia, thirst, urinary disorders, vulvovaginal pruritus. Rare: Diabetic ketoacidosis (discontinue), Fourniers gangrene (discontinue). lower limb amputations, phimosis
🤰 Pregnancy & Lactation Safety
Pregnancy Risk:
Contraindicated in pregnancy
Lactation / Breastfeeding:
Contraindicated or not recommended
📚 Official Regulatory & Clinical References
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP): Drug Registration, S.R.O. Price Gazettes & National Essential Medicines List (NEML).
- World Health Organization (WHO): Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (ATC/DDD Index).
- Formulary Standards: British National Formulary (BNF) & Pakistan National Formulary (PNF) guidelines.