📋 Indications & Clinical Dosage
*Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism following knee replacement surgery:*
Adult: 2.5 mg twice daily for 10-14 days, to be started 12-24 hours after surgery.
*Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism following hip replacement surgery:*
Adult: 2.5 mg twice daily for 32-38 days, to be started 12-24 hours after surgery.
*Treatment of deep-vein thrombosis, Treatment of pulmonary embolism:*
Adult: Initially 10 mg twice daily for 7 days, then maintenance 5 mg twice daily.
*Prophylaxis of recurrent deep-vein thrombosis, Prophylaxis of recurrent pulmonary embolism:*
Adult: 2.5 mg twice daily, following completion of 6 months anticoagulant treatment.
*Prophylaxis of stroke and systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in patient on high risk:*
Adult: 5 mg twice daily, reduce dose to 2.5mg twice daily in patients with age 80 years and over or body-weight less
than 61 kg, or serum creatinine 133 micromol/litre and above.
⛔ Contraindications
Active, clinically significant
bleeding, antiphospholipid syndrome, risk factors for major
bleeding, severe hepatic impairment, severe renal impairment with creatinine clearance less than 15 ml/minute
⚠️ Precautions & Warnings
Anaesthesia with postoperative indwelling
epidural catheter; risk of paralysis, monitor neurological
signs and wait 20-30 hours after apixaban dose before
removing catheter and do not give next dose until at least
5 hours, prosthetic heart valve, risk of bleeding, mild to moderate hepatic or renal impairment.
🔄 Drug Interactions
Antiplatelets, thrombolytics, dextran, sulfinpyrazone, vit K antagonist, strong CYP3A4/P-gp inhibitors, NSAIDs, rifampicin, phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital
⚠️ Adverse Reactions / Side Effects
Anaemia, haemorrhage, nausea, vomiting,
skin reactions, CNS haemorrhage, hypotension, post
procedural haematoma, thrombocytopenia, wound
complications
🤰 Pregnancy & Lactation Safety
Pregnancy Risk:
Caution advised, avoid
Lactation / Breastfeeding:
Caution advised, avoid
📚 Official Regulatory & Clinical References
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP): Drug Registration, S.R.O. Price Gazettes & National Essential Medicines List (NEML).
- World Health Organization (WHO): Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (ATC/DDD Index).
- Formulary Standards: British National Formulary (BNF) & Pakistan National Formulary (PNF) guidelines.