📋 Indications & Clinical Dosage
*Symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease in patients not currently treated with an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (initiated by a specialist):*
Adult (body-weight up to 100 kg): Initially 70 mg 3 times a week, adjusted according to response; usual maintenance 20-400 mg 3 times a week, dose adjusted at intervals of 4 weeks to achieve haemoglobin concentration of 10 to 12 g/dL. Discontinuation treatment if adequate increase in haemoglobin concentration not achieved in 24 weeks.
Adult (body-weight 100 kg and above): Initially 100 mg 3 times a week, adjusted according to response; usual maintenance 20-400 mg 3 times a week, dose adjusted at intervals of 4 weeks to achieve haemoglobin concentration of 10 to 12 g/dL. Discontinuation treatment if adequate increase in haemoglobin concentration not achieved in 24 weeks.
*Symptomatic anaemia associated with chronic kidney disease in patients currently treated with an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (initiated by a specialist):*
Adult: (consult product literature).
⚠️ Precautions & Warnings
Active infection. history of seizures, epilepsy and other medical conditions associated with a predisposition to seizures. risk factors for venous thromboembolism. Caution in moderate hepatic impairment; use half the normal starting dose, avoid in severe impairment. Pre-treatment screening: Ensure adequate iron stores before treatment. Monitor haemoglobin concentration every 2 weeks until the desired haemoglobin concentration is achieved and stabilised, then every 4 weeks thereafter or as clinically indicated.
🔄 Drug Interactions
Drugs highly bound to red cells e.g. Cyclosporin.
⚠️ Adverse Reactions / Side Effects
Constipation, diarrhoea, embolism and thrombosis, headache, hyperkalaemia, hypertension, insomnia, nausea, peripheral oedema, seizure, sepsis, increased risk of infection, vomiting. Rare: Hyperbilirubinaemia.
🤰 Pregnancy & Lactation Safety
Lactation / Breastfeeding:
Avoid
📚 Official Regulatory & Clinical References
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP): Drug Registration, S.R.O. Price Gazettes & National Essential Medicines List (NEML).
- World Health Organization (WHO): Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (ATC/DDD Index).
- Formulary Standards: British National Formulary (BNF) & Pakistan National Formulary (PNF) guidelines.