📋 Indications & Clinical Dosage
*Oral Contraception:*
Females of childbearing potential: One tablet every day at the same time for 28 days according to direction indicated by arrows on the pack.
⛔ Contraindications
Pregnancy, severe liver dysfunction, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor syndrome, liver tumour, thromboembolic processes in arteries or veins, sickle-cell anaemia, cancer of breast, endometrium, diabetes, disturbances of lipometabolism, history of herpes, otosclerosis with deterioration.
⚠️ Precautions & Warnings
Active trophoblastic disease (until return to normal of urine- and plasma gonadotrophin concentration), arterial disease, functional ovarian cysts, history of jaundice in pregnancy, malabsorption syndromes, pastectopic pregnancy, sex-steroid dependent cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus with positive (or unknown) anti phospholipid antibodies, severe hepatic impairment, overdue menstrual bleeding,
⚠️ Adverse Reactions / Side Effects
Depression, headache, nausea, vomiting, breast discomfort, breast tenderness, changes in libido, disturbances of appetite, dizziness, fatigue, menstrual irregularities, skin disorders. Rare: Break-through bleeding (discontinue if heavy break-through bleeding) and amenorrhoea.
📚 Official Regulatory & Clinical References
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP): Drug Registration, S.R.O. Price Gazettes & National Essential Medicines List (NEML).
- World Health Organization (WHO): Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (ATC/DDD Index).
- Formulary Standards: British National Formulary (BNF) & Pakistan National Formulary (PNF) guidelines.