📋 Indications & Clinical Dosage
*Smooth muscle spasm, biliary spasm, GI motility disorder, urinary spasm, uterine spasm:*
ORAL: Adults: 1 tab three times daily; max 6 tab daily.
BY INJ: Adults: 1-3 amp daily;
Children: Not recommended.
⛔ Contraindications
Myasthenia gravis (but may be used to decrease muscarinic side-effects of anti-cholinesterases), paralytic ileus, coma, stupor pyloric stenosis, toxic megacolon, and prostatic enlargement, Hypersensitivity to drug.
⚠️ Precautions & Warnings
Downs syndrome, elderly, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, diarrhoea, acute myocardial infarction, hypertension ulcerative colitis, autonomic neuropathy, conditions characterized by tachycardia (including hyperthyroidism, cardiac insufficiency, cardiac surgery), pyrexia, and in individuals susceptible to angle-closure glaucoma.
🔄 Drug Interactions
Amantadine, phenothiazines atenololdigoxin, tricyclic antidepressants.
⚠️ Adverse Reactions / Side Effects
Hypotension, angioneurotic oedema, urticaria, Constipation, transient bradycardia (followed by tachycardia, palpitation and arrhythmias), reduced bronchial secretions, urinary urgency and retention, dilatation of the pupils with loss of accommodation, photo-phobia, dry mouth, flushing and dryness of the skin, nausea, vomiting, and giddiness. Rare: Angle-closure glaucoma may occur.
🤰 Pregnancy & Lactation Safety
Pregnancy Risk:
Contraindicated
Lactation / Breastfeeding:
Not recommended.
📚 Official Regulatory & Clinical References
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP): Drug Registration, S.R.O. Price Gazettes & National Essential Medicines List (NEML).
- World Health Organization (WHO): Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (ATC/DDD Index).
- Formulary Standards: British National Formulary (BNF) & Pakistan National Formulary (PNF) guidelines.