📋 Indications & Clinical Dosage
*Oedema, Prompt diuresis where potassium conservation is important:*
Adults: 1-2 tab in the morning. Elderly, adjust ac-cording to renal function, response and electrolyte levels.
Children: Not recommended.
⛔ Contraindications
Severe or progressive renal failure, Addisons disease, anuria, comatose or precomatose states associated with liver cirrhosis, dehydration, hyperkalaemia, hypovolaemia, severe hypokalaemia, severe hyponatraemia, electrolyte imbalance.
⚠️ Precautions & Warnings
Correct hypovolaemia before using in oliguria, diabetes mellitus, elderly, gout, hepato-renal syndrome, hypoproteinaemia, hypotension, impaired micturition, prostatic enlargement. Monitor fluid and electrolyte levels regularly.
🔄 Drug Interactions
K+ supplement, K+-sparing diuretics (avoid), Lithium, nephrotoxic or ototoxic antibiotics, NSAIDs, digitalis, antihypertensives, antidiabetics, non-depolarising muscle relaxants
⚠️ Adverse Reactions / Side Effects
Agranulocytosis, anaphylaxis, aplastic anaemia, blood disorders, bone marrow depression (discontinue), confusion, deafness, eosinophilia, GI disturbances, gout, haemolytic anaemia, hepatic encephalopathy, hyperglycaemia, hyperuricaemia, hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia, hyponatraemia, hypotension, intrahepatic cholestasis, leucopenia, metabolic alkalosis or acidosis, pancreatitis, paraesthesia, photosensitivity, purpura, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, temporary increase in serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, thrombocytopenia, tinnitus, toxic epidermal necrolysis
🤰 Pregnancy & Lactation Safety
Pregnancy Risk:
Risk cannot be ruled out.
Lactation / Breastfeeding:
Contraindicated or not recommended.
📚 Official Regulatory & Clinical References
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP): Drug Registration, S.R.O. Price Gazettes & National Essential Medicines List (NEML).
- World Health Organization (WHO): Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (ATC/DDD Index).
- Formulary Standards: British National Formulary (BNF) & Pakistan National Formulary (PNF) guidelines.