📋 Indications & Clinical Dosage
*Reduction of intra-ocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension insufficiently responding to beta-blockers:*
Adults: 1 drop twice daily.
⛔ Contraindications
Cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma or history of asthma, sinus bradycardia, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block not controlled with a pacemaker.
⚠️ Precautions & Warnings
Cerebral or coronary insufficiency, renal or hepatic impairment. Raynauds syndrome, orthostatic hypotension, severe cardiovascular disease; monitor cardiac function, hyperthyroidism, unstable angina, severe peripheral or central circulatory disorders, hypotension, diabetes, metabolic acidosis, pheochromocytoma, depression, thromboan giitis obliterans, soft contact lenses; wait minimum 15 min before inserting.
🔄 Drug Interactions
MAOls, antidepressants affecting noradrenergic transmission, CNS depressing depressants, Antihypertensives, cardiac glycosides, sympathomimetic agonists or antagonists, general anaesthetics, IV lidocaine, iodine contrast media, cimetidine, hydralazine.
⚠️ Adverse Reactions / Side Effects
Headache, burning sensation, stinging, depression, conjunctival hyperaemia, conjunctival folliculosis, pruritus, oedema, allergy, blepharitis; discontinue if occur, somnolence, hypertension, dry mouth, asthenia, abnormal LFTs
🤰 Pregnancy & Lactation Safety
Pregnancy Risk:
Caution advised
Lactation / Breastfeeding:
Not recommended.
📚 Official Regulatory & Clinical References
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP): Drug Registration, S.R.O. Price Gazettes & National Essential Medicines List (NEML).
- World Health Organization (WHO): Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (ATC/DDD Index).
- Formulary Standards: British National Formulary (BNF) & Pakistan National Formulary (PNF) guidelines.