📋 Indications & Clinical Dosage
*Gram-negative infections including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis:*
BY DEEP IM INJ, OR BY IV INF, OR BY IV INJ: Adult: 1 gm every 8 hours, alternatively 2 g every 12 hours, single doses over 1 g IV route only.
*Severe gram-negative infections including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria
meningitidis, and lung infections in cystic fibrosis:*
BY IV INF, OR BY IV INJ: Adult: 2 g every 6-8 hours.
*Gonorrhoea, Cystitis:*
BY INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION:
Adult: 1 g for 1 single dose.
*Urinary-tract infections:*
BY DEEP IM INJ, OR BY IV INF, OR BY IV INJ: Adult: 0.5-1 g every 8-12 hours.
💊 Mode of Administration
For IV injection, dissolve in water for injections, give over
3-5 minutes. For IV infusion, give
intermittently in Glucose 5% or Sodium chloride 0.9%.
Dissolve initially in water for injections (1 g per 3 ml) then
dilute to a concentration of less than 20 mg/ml; to be
given over 20-60 minutes
⛔ Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to other beta-lactams.
⚠️ Precautions & Warnings
Chronic hepatic impairment
with cirrhosis, renal impairment, electrolyte disturbances, may
aggravate myasthenia gravis, predisposition to QT interval
prolongation, cardiac desease, diabetes, elderly patients.
⚠️ Adverse Reactions / Side Effects
Abdominal discomfort, dyspnoea, respiratory disorders, anaemia, asthenia,
chest pain, diplopia, dizziness, eosinophilia,
haemorrhage, headache, hepatic disorders, hypotension,
insomnia, leucocytosis, myalgia, nasal congestion,
paraesthesia, diarrhoea, nausea, vomiting, skin reactions
vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Rare: Angioedema, neutropenia, pancytopenia, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, seizure,
thrombocytopenia, thrombocytosis, tinnitus, vertigo,
toxic epidermal necrolysis.
🤰 Pregnancy & Lactation Safety
Pregnancy Risk:
Avoid unless essential
Lactation / Breastfeeding:
Caution advised
📚 Official Regulatory & Clinical References
- Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP): Drug Registration, S.R.O. Price Gazettes & National Essential Medicines List (NEML).
- World Health Organization (WHO): Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology (ATC/DDD Index).
- Formulary Standards: British National Formulary (BNF) & Pakistan National Formulary (PNF) guidelines.